Drinking Water Treatment Processes

Surface Water In-Lake Treatment

Nutrients, Algae, Fe &Mn, Taste & Odor

Denver Water installed a 6ft ECO₂ System at the Marston Reservoir to increase the water quality of their drinking water.

Iron & Manganese

Maintaining aerobic conditions above the sediment will suppress the release of iron and manganese, having a direct effect on drinking water quality. Aerobic conditions also prevent the formation of H₂S and the release of phosphorous back into the water column, reducing the internal nutrient load and its fertilizing effect on algae growth. Experience from a 20 year long operation of a Speece Cone in a reservoir has shown the reversal from a eutrophic lake to an almost oligotrophic state. Reducing algae blooms also reduce the total organic carbon (TOC) load, a pre-cursor to disinfection byproducts (DBPs).

Fully Dissolved Oxygen

ECO₂‘s Speece Cone is the most efficient technology for Hypolimnetic Oxygenation. The ECO₂ System does not add bubbles with an upward motion to the lake, but instead fully dissolved oxygen in a liquid stream which can be delivered horizontally across the sediment.

Hypolimnetic Oxygenation maintains the natural stratification and cold water fish habitat. Only the bottom layer (hypolimnion) of the lake, where oxygen is needed most, is treated, making it a very efficient approach to solving many water quality problems at once.

TECH LIBRARY: MARSTON RESERVOIR, CO CASE STUDY >

Marston Reservoir Bottom Dissolved Oxygen

Chart by Visualizer

The ECO₂ SuperOxygenation System is sized for a maximum oxygen feed rate of 2,000 lb/day and is designed to run from May, prior to the first turnover, through fall. The System is attached to a concrete pad set on a base of rock and gravel at the reservoir bottom. The project was installed over a five month period and began operation in May 2009.

Iron and Manganese, and Disifection Byproducts (Dbps)

Water treatment costs can be lowered significantly by using cleaner source water. Oxygenating a lake or reservoir can have many positive effects on water quality, that will ultimately save money on water treatment.

Proven Results

Maintaining aerobic conditions above the sediment will suppress the release of iron and manganese, having a direct effect on drinking water quality. Aerobic conditions also prevent the formation of H₂S and the release of phosphorous back into the water column, reducing the internal nutrient load and its fertilizing effect on algae growth. Experience from a 20 year long operation of a Speece Cone in a reservoir has shown the reversal from a eutrophic lake to an almost oligotrophic state. Reducing algae blooms also reduce the total organic carbon (TOC) load, a pre-cursor to disinfection byproducts (DBPs).

Fully Dissolved Oxygen

ECO₂‘s Speece Cone is the most efficient technology for Hypolimnetic Oxygenation. The ECO₂ System does not add bubbles with an upward motion to the lake, but instead fully dissolved oxygen in a liquid stream which can be delivered horizontally across the sediment.

Hypolimnetic Oxygenation maintains the natural stratification and cold water fish habitat. Only the bottom layer (hypolimnion) of the lake, where oxygen is needed most, is treated, making it a very efficient approach to solving many water quality problems at once.

ECO₂‘s TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES >

East Bay MUD’s Camanche Reservoir has been oxygenated by a Speece Cone since 1994. This system is still operational, adding close to 8 tons of oxygen per day to the water to improve water quality.

Oxygen dissolved every year by ECO2 Systems

1

Oxygen dissolved every year by ECO₂ Systems.

Treatment Plant Waste Stream

Surface Discharge and Wetlands

In-River Treatment

Many of the world’s rivers are polluted and D.O. impaired. The ECO₂ SuperOxygenation Technology can effectively add high levels of dissolved oxygen to impaired waterways.

Deliver Large Amounts of D.O.

Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) is good. Raising the D.O. in impaired waterways supports aquatic life and helps with the aerobic degradation of organic matter. Without the addition of dissolved oxygen lower depths of rivers are often void of oxygen, decreasing fish habitat and allowing for the accumulation of muck on the bottom. To support aquatic life in the D.O. impaired Savannah River during and after the dredging of the harbor, the US Army Corps of Engineers evaluated over 25 aeration and oxygenation technologies and chose ECO₂‘s Speece Cones to do the job.

ECO₂‘s Speece Cones can effectively deliver large amounts of dissolved oxygen from shore based, barge mounted or submerged systems to sensitive areas in polluted rivers.

TECH LIBRARY: GPA SAVANNAH HARBOR REOX PROJECT >

The Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY ECO2 System

The Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY ECO₂ System oxygenates this tidal canal during a major rehabilitation project.

The Kennebunk, ME Wastewater Treatment Plant discharges into a salmon stream. Their permit requires 8mg/L D.O. discharge, which they cannot achieve during the summer months. The ECO₂ System supplements the D.O. in the discharge and guarantees at least 8mg/L D. O.

Easily meet your D.O. Discharge Permit

ECO₂ has helped towns across the country comply with their D.O. discharge permits. Site or budget restrictions that don’t allow for the construction of re-aeration basins, the lack of sufficient elevation drop for step-aeration, or simply the need for higher D.O. levels for sensitive downstream waterbodies, are reasons for the implementation of a small footprint ECO₂ SuperOxygenation System.

TECH LIBRARY: GPA SAVANNAH HARBOR REOX PROJECT >

D.O. Discharge Compliance

Often industrial or municipal dischargers create a D.O. sag in the receiving river due to higher temperature water or BOD and ammonia in the discharge. The ECO₂ SuperOxygenation Technology can raise the D.O. in the effluent to any desired level to off-set these deficits and potentially leave a positive impact on the receiving water body.

The City of Port Wentworth is off-setting 5mg/L BOD and 1mg/L NH3 in their effluent with added dissolved oxygen for a NET ZERO ULTIMATE BOD DISCHARGE into the Savannah River, which is a DO impaired waterway.

Off-Setting BOD & Ammonia

Being a D.O. impaired waterway, the EPA did not allow new dischargers into the Savannah River. However, due to ECO₂‘s extensive experience with oxygenating lakes and rivers and the reliability of the ECO₂ System, the EPA granted the City of Port Wentworth a permit to build their own wastewater treatment plant discharging into the Savannah river. The 5mg/L BOD and 1mg/L ammonia are being off-set by 29mg/L D.O. consistently added by the ECO₂ SuperOxygenation System.

TECH LIBRARY: PORT WENTWORTH, GA CASE STUDY >

Harmful Algal Blooms

Eutrophication is a leading cause of impairment of many freshwater ecosystems around the world. Most lakes have accumulated vast amounts of nutrients in their sediments. During summer stagnation and subsequent anoxia at the bottom of the lake (hypolimnion), these nutrients are resuspended into the water column, serving as fertilizer to the algae. This process of ‘internal nutrient cycling’ can be entirely prevented by Hypolimnetic Oxygenation with an ECO₂ Speece Cone.

CO₂ for pH adjustment, Lime Softening

CO₂ is about 40 times more soluble in water than oxygen. The same ECO₂ Cone that has been proven for 20 years in dissolving oxygen into water, can be used to efficiently dissolve CO₂ into water.

ECO₂ System

An ECO₂ system can take a small side stream and dissolve carbon dioxide gas efficiently to improve your recarbonation/softening, alkalinity adjustment or acid replacement processes.

Precise Control

ECO₂ has developed controls, similar to our proprietary oxygen feed controls, that automate the CO₂ feed based on flow and pH for precise pH adjustment with minimal maintenance requirements. The dissolved CO₂ can be delivered wherever needed in a small carrier stream.

O3 (Ozone) for Disinfection

The most efficient gas to liquid transfer for optimal use of ozone gas with the smallest footprint, and lowest energy input.

End-of-pipe Delivery

Ozone is 13 times more soluble in water than oxygen. Ozone will also effectively dissolve into water within the ECO₂ SuperOxygenation Cone, allowing for end-of-pipe delivery. Ozone can be dissolved in water for disinfection, to remove taste and odor or for other advanced oxidation processes.

Drinking Water Treatment Processes

Surface Water In-Lake Treatment

Surface Water In-Lake Treatment

Nutrients, Algae, Fe &Mn, Taste & Odor

Denver Water installed a 6ft ECO2 System at the Marston Reservoir to increase the water quality of their drinking water.

Iron & Manganese

Fully Dissolved Oxygen

Marston Reservoir Bottom Dissolved Oxygen

Iron and Manganese, and Disifection Byproducts (Dbps)

Proven Results

Fully Dissolved Oxygen

East Bay MUD’s Camanche Reservoir has been oxygenated by a Speece Cone since 1994. This system is still operational, adding close to 8 tons of oxygen per day to the water to improve water quality.

Oxygen dissolved every year by ECO2 Systems.

Treatment Plant Waste Stream

Treatment Plant Waste Stream

Surface Discharge and Wetlands

In-River Treatment

Deliver Large Amounts of D.O.

The Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY ECO2 System oxygenates this tidal canal during a major rehabilitation project.

The Kennebunk, ME Wastewater Treatment Plant discharges into a salmon stream. Their permit requires 8mg/L D.O. discharge, which they cannot achieve during the summer months. The ECO2 System supplements the D.O. in the discharge and guarantees at least 8mg/L D. O.

Easily meet your D.O. Discharge Permit

D.O. Discharge Compliance

The City of Port Wentworth is off-setting 5mg/L BOD and 1mg/L NH3 in their effluent with added dissolved oxygen for a NET ZERO ULTIMATE BOD DISCHARGE into the Savannah River, which is a DO impaired waterway.

Off-Setting BOD & Ammonia

Harmful Algal Blooms

CO2 for pH adjustment, Lime Softening

CO2 for pH adjustment, Lime Softening

CO2 is about 40 times more soluble in water than oxygen. The same ECO2 Cone that has been proven for 20 years in dissolving oxygen into water, can be used to efficiently dissolve CO2 into water.

ECO2 System

Precise Control

O3 (Ozone) for Disinfection

O3 (Ozone) for Disinfection

The most efficient gas to liquid transfer for optimal use of ozone gas with the smallest footprint, and lowest energy input.

End-of-pipe Delivery

Related Technical Library Documents

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Eco Oxygen Technologies, LLC.

Home of the Speece Cone. Global Leader in Dissolved Gases.

Denver Water installed a 6ft ECO₂ System at the Marston Reservoir to increase the water quality of their drinking water.

Oxygen dissolved every year by ECO₂ Systems.

The Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, NY ECO₂ System oxygenates this tidal canal during a major rehabilitation project.

The Kennebunk, ME Wastewater Treatment Plant discharges into a salmon stream. Their permit requires 8mg/L D.O. discharge, which they cannot achieve during the summer months. The ECO₂ System supplements the D.O. in the discharge and guarantees at least 8mg/L D. O.

CO₂ for pH adjustment, Lime Softening

CO₂ is about 40 times more soluble in water than oxygen. The same ECO₂ Cone that has been proven for 20 years in dissolving oxygen into water, can be used to efficiently dissolve CO₂ into water.

ECO₂ System